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Legacy of Ashes: The History of the CIA
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Audible Audiobook
Listening Length: 21 hours and 37 minutes
Program Type: Audiobook
Version: Unabridged
Publisher: Blackstone Audio, Inc.
Audible.com Release Date: July 3, 2007
Whispersync for Voice: Ready
Language: English, English
ASIN: B000TD15NE
Amazon Best Sellers Rank:
After eight years as President, Dwight Eisenhower was frustrated with the CIA. He concluded that it was not working right. He observed to CIA Director Allen Dulles that (page 167) "I have suffered an eight-year defeat on this." He went on to note that he feared that he would (page 167) ". . .leave a legacy of ashes" to his successor.This is a book about the CIA, from its beginning to its sad failures in Iraq. It depicts an organization that had some very talented and some very poor people in charge. According to the author, Tim Weiner, it seemed to make no difference what the quality of the leadership was; the CIA continued to struggle and would often "get it wrong." His basic contention and the thesis of the book (page xiii): "It [the book] describes how the most powerful country in the history of Western civilization has failed to create a first-rate spy service. That failure constitutes a danger to the national security of the United States." A primary example is 9/11. The latter chapters of the book describe how more and more information began developing suggesting a dramatic event to be orchestrated by Osama bin Laden's Al Qaeda. But the CIA did not have the ability to turn this mounting evidence of an action by Al Qaeda into something concrete enough to try to prevent the event beforehand. The book described near desperation by the CIA as it became increasingly convinced that something was going to happen--but having no clue when or where.One issue--the perpetual struggle between two different charges given the agency: covert operations and gathering of intelligence. The two often ended up in conflict. Much of the time, failures in intelligence doomed covert operations. E.g., lack of knowledge of the situation on the ground in Cuba doomed the Bay of Pigs invasion.Another issue. The poor track record in intelligence. The CIA tried to inject spies into other countries. However, the intelligence agencies of other countries often infiltrated cells developed by the CIA and either destroyed them (if the book is right, hundreds of willing allies of the United States were killed as a result) or fed back misinformation or "turned them" to serve as double agents. Examples mentioned include efforts in Poland and the old Soviet Union.Any book as grim as this sends off some warning bells as I read it, making me wonder if the person is bending over backwards to do a "hatchet job." However, Weiner's uses of sources (including internal reports) and interviews with many former CIA directors provide some pretty convincing basis to his arguments.The book, though, also notes that President after President misused the CIA for political purposes, pressured the CIA to tell them what they wanted to hear. The value of "speaking truth to power" has not characterized many American Presidents--whether Lyndon Johnson, Richard Nixon, or George W. Bush.Clearly, there have been successes--think of the CIA's role in Afghanistan as the Northern Alliance was able to defeat the Taliban (at least on the short run), a tale given rather short shrift by Weiner. He spends more time on other failures in Afghanistan.But even some of the instances that many trumpet as successes, the overthrow of governments in Iran and Guatemala, did not make things any better in those regions in the long run. Indeed, the CIA interventions (which appear to have succeeded only by good luck rather than great planning) put dictators in place, who were pretty rough on their own people. Is that a good measure of success?There are some strained arguments here and there. At one point (as other reviewers have noted), her bemoans those times when there is a mass exodus of experienced agents. However, if the agency's track record were so miserable, so what? At another point, he accuses the CIA of not having the guts to go after bin Laden in Afghanistan, even though taking him out may have led to the deaths of many civilians (e.g., pages 472-473). Such deaths have made the American efforts in Afghanistan more difficult, alienating the people. And if the intel were not good in the first place (and it often was not good, according to Weiner), the deaths would not have been compensated for by killing bin Laden himself.But this is a powerful book. While his approach is quite negative, the documentation is pretty solid and it is striking how many former Directors of the CIA have a critical take on the agency that they once headed. Worth looking at and thought-provoking.
Very interesting book. About 3/4 of the way through I was wondering what the CIA thought of the book and low and behold they have a review of it posted on their web site - not fans! I think the author did a very credible job of digging through stacks of information. The CIA denials seemed to be mostly nitpicking versus refuting the main points of our countries disastrous spying attempts. I am surprised at how poorly they have done and how much men with big egos were able to circumvent common sense. Disastrous look at how the US Governments interfered with other countries elections to the point of assassinations yet how much every is howling in 2017/2018 about Russians interfering with US elections.
I read this book as part of my ongoing research into the assassination of President Kennedy. People who are viewed as experts on the JFK mystery say all roads lead back to the CIA. The assassination came through them.The great Fletcher Prouty worked with Allen Dulles at the Agency up until the time JFK was killed. There's probably two main points in Fletcher's books:1. The CIA mutated into something Harry Truman never intended when he set up the Agency after World War II.2. After World War II the United States stopped respecting the sovereignty of other countries.I would say Mr. Weiner's book is consistent with what Fletcher said. I don't think Mr. Weiner is a JFK conspiracy guy. Rather he relies on official sources such as declassified CIA documents and statements made by various people over the years. Mr. Weiner himself has conducted interviews with many famous people such as former CIA directors and even World War II general Douglas MacArthur.Once someone believes that President Kennedy was murdered by a domestic conspiracy this belief changes their perspective about anything people like Richard Helms or Lyndon Johnson said.For example:Public Record: The Gary Powers U2 spy plane was shot down by the Soviets.Conspiracy Theory: The CIA sabotaged the U2 to derail President Eisenhower's peace summit with Nikita Khrushchev.Public Record: Lyndon Johnson was tormented and conflicted about the situation in Vietnam.Conspiracy Theory: U.S. military intelligence was feeding President Kennedy and Secretary Of Defense Robert McNamara all lies about Vietnam. But they were telling Vice President Lyndon Johnson the truth about what a quagmire Vietnam had become. Johnson already knew what the end result would be in Vietnam while he was still the Vice President.Public Record: Lyndon Johnson said JFK's assassination was 'divine retribution' because of JFK's role in the death of President Diem in Vietnam and the Kennedy brothers' plots to assassinate Fidel Castro in Cuba.Conspiracy Theory: Lyndon Johnson and his Texas billionaire pals were part of the domestic conspiracy to assassinate JFK as was FBI director J. Edgar Hoover also.Public Record: I don't know what the CIA has said they were trying to do in Vietnam. I guess they claimed they were trying to save the entire world from global communism.Conspiracy Theory: There never was any real military objective in Vietnam. The goal in Vietnam was to create a bottomless money pit of military spending even if this meant putting American military service personnel into harm's way.Public Record: CIA spooks Richard Helms and James Angleton were convinced that Lee Oswald acted on behalf of the Soviets when he assassinated President Kennedy.Conspiracy Theory: Angleton was the only individual within the CIA who had the knowledge, authority, and diabolical mind required to be the mastermind of the JFK assassination and to place the blame on Oswald. When JFK got killed the Agency raised the ominous (although completely false) specter that the Soviets and Fidel Castro were behind the assassination.As I said author Tim Weiner doesn't cross the line into the conspiracy realm in this book. But even so just what he says about the CIA based on the public record isn't very flattering for the Agency.Even though Mr. Weiner doesn't say the CIA was involved with JFK's murder, he does say they did things like that and much, much worse in other countries.
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